Defenses to a wrongful death action include contributory negligence of either the decedent or the beneficiaries, the statute of limitations, the Tort Claims Act limitations, and charitable immunity.
Contributory negligence is a defense requiring the defendant to show the plaintiff was negligent and that the negligence was the proximate cause of the injuries. Traditionally, contributory negligence was a total defense to the cause of action; however, South Carolina has adopted comparative negligence under which the plaintiff may recover if his or her negligence is not greater than the defendant's in which case the plaintiff's recovery is reduced in proportion to his or her negligence. Punitive damages, however, are not reduced by the proportion of the plaintiff's negligence under comparative negligence. The negligence of a beneficiary affects only that beneficiary's claim.
The applicable statute of limitations is three years from the death. The tolling provisions of the statute are inapplicable to suits brought on behalf of minor beneficiaries. Because wrongful death actions are to recover damages for injury to the person, the health care provider statute of limitations is applicable to wrongful death actions.
The South Carolina Tort Claims Act waives the immunity of the State, its agencies, political subdivisions, and governmental entities from liability in tort. The Act is the exclusive and sole remedy for any tort committed by an employee of a governmental entity while acting within the scope of his or her official duty and must be liberally construed in favor of limiting the liability of the governmental entity. The Act specifically provides for wrongful death claims. It contains, however, many limitations on liability and damages which may preclude or restrict a plaintiff's cause of action. For example, the Act provides for a two year statute of limitations unless a claimant first filed a claim pursuant to the Act, in which case the limitation is three years. Where an action is against a physician or dentist, there are additional important considerations.
While common law charitable immunity was eliminated by the South Carolina Supreme Court in 1981, there is a statutory limitation on liability for charitable organizations. A charitable organization is any organization, institution, association society, or corporation which is exempt from taxation pursuant to 26U.S.C501(c)(3) or (d). A person sustaining injury or dying as a result of a tortious act of commission or omission by an employee of a charitable organization acting within the scope of his or her employment, may recover no more than the liability imposed under the Tort Claims Act for actual damages sustained. Unless it is proved that the employee acted recklessly, willfully, or in gross negligence, an action against the charitable organization is a complete bar to recovery against the employee. Where a defendant is both a governmental and charitable organization, the Tort Claims Act provides the exclusive remedy, and the action is governed by it rather than the charitable immunity statute.
Damages in a wrongful death case are not determined by the value of life lost, but by the damages suffered by the beneficiaries. The beneficiaries may recover all damages, present and prospective, which are naturally the proximate consequence of the wrongful act including: 1. pecuniary loss, 2. mental shock and suffering, 3. wounded feelings, 4. grief and sorrow, 5. loss of companionship, and 6. deprivation of the use and comfort of the intestate's society including the loss of his experience, knowledge, and judgment in managing the affairs of himself and his beneficiaries.
The plaintiff must show evidence of a pecuniary loss to recover it as an element of damages, but where there is no pecuniary loss, other damages are still recoverable. Punitive damages may be awarded in a wrongful death action.
The court has held that evidence of remarriage of a surviving spouse or separation prior to death and subsequent remarriage are inadmissible on the issue of damages. By statute, damages to parents of a deceased child may be denied or limited where it is determined that a parent failed to reasonably provide support for the decedent and did not otherwise provide for the child's needs during his or her minority.
If someone you know has had their life wrongfully taken from them, please contact one of our South Carolina wrongful death lawers at The Mace Firm to schedule a free consultation. Our wrongful death attorneys are here to help walk you through the process of recovering from the negligence of others.
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